Download adobe acrobat reader free software to read pdf files. Potential uses of and research needs for micropropagation 377 5. Unit ii biotechnology and plants lesson 7 plant tissue culture 169 cells and tissue the starting point for micropropagation can be individual cells or small amounts of plant tissue. Pdf protocols for micropropagation of woody trees and. Pdf micropropagation of woody plants narpat shekhawat. However, few companies are generating good profits. These can be used for mass multiplication of selected clones and genetic improvement of these species. Pathogen elimination and contamination management a. Instructional objectives upon completion of this course, students will be able to. Plant tissue culture is a practice used to propagate plants under sterile conditions, often to produce clones of a plant. An analysis has been made of commercial micropropagation in 15 west european countries. Except the horticultural flowering plants, a large number of forest trees, fruit trees, oil producing plants eucalyptus, oilpalm, vegetables and many edible crops like peach, apple, pear, cherry, apricot and palm have been cloned and put into use commercially fig. As a result micropropagation industry has not grown appreciably.
Another excellent source for the propagation of woody species is the reference manual of woody plant propagation. Optimisation of in vitro micropropagation of several date. Micropropagation of several japanese woody plants for. The in vivo clonal propagation is often difficult, expensive and even unsuccessful. Toyota camry 198396 repair manual chiltons total car care free download. The latter work was first published in 1984 and then extensively revised and extended to two volumes in 1993 and 1996. Micropropagation technique has been employed in the propagation of tree species, woody species, immature embryos, hypocotyl, young leaves, cotyledons, ovary, ovule and other juvenile tissues as good source of tissue for the propagation of several woody plants. During the last few decades, in apple, many reliable methods have been developed for both rootstocks and scions from a practical, commercial point of view.
For example, toda 1974 reported that propagation of sugi and other species of conifers by rooting of cuttings has been practiced in japan for at least 1200 years, and that sugi plantations arising from. Being planted as a grafted tree, propagation of avocado refers to propagation of rootstock cultivar, then graft it with budwood from a mature scion cultivar. The process includes many stepsstock plant care, explant selection and sterilization, media manipulation to obtain proliferation, rooting, acclimation, and growing on of liners. Micropropagation of apple has played an important role in the production of healthy, diseasefree plants and in the rapid multiplication of scions and rootstocks with desirable traits. Without careful preparation the mother plants from which material for micropropagation is taken can be contaminated with viruses, fungi and bacteria that contaminate subsequent cultures. Like several other woody species, walnut tree explants obtained from embryonic tissues are easily established in vitro and multiplied by direct organogenesis. Details of the excursion, seed material collected and its horticultural consequences are to be found in koponen and koponen 1994, 1995, 1997 and koponen 1998.
Growth regulators regulate the growth and developmental processes. Plant tissue culture has made a significant contribution to the mass clonal. Molecular dna marker analysis to assess the genetic fidelity of micropropagated woody plants micropropagation of woody trees and fruits. Different techniques in plant tissue culture may offer certain advantages over traditional methods of propagation, including. Micropropagation in vitro clonal propagation of plants from shoot tips or nodal explants, usually with an accelerated proliferation of shoots during subcultures. The need for appropriate in vitro plant regeneration methods for woody plants, including both forest and fruit trees, is still overwhelming in order to overcome problems facing micropropagation such as somaclonal variation, recalcitrant rooting, hyperhydricity, polyphenols, loss of material during hardening and quality of plant material.
Salix matsudana is a member of the salicaceae or the willow family, and the genus salix consists of around 300 species all over the world zomleter, 1994. Plant propagation by tissue culture libros cientificos en pdf. Shoot tips derived from the in vitro stock plants were cultured on ms media containing 0. Micropropagation of woody plants 201 about 7 0% of the s hoots o f b. Pdf micropropagation of woody plants vinod rathore. In recent years, many micropropagation companies world over have emerged.
Micropropagation is the art and science of plant multiplication in vitro. Practical guide woody micropropagation arnold arboretum. Therefore, micropropagation of bud material was attempted as a method of introduction of woody plants to the botanical garden. In vitro propagation of cherry birch betula lenta l. In 1988 western europe had 248 commercial tissue culture laboratories with a total production of 212. The new fourth edition has been thoroughly revised and updated to reflect the many advances in science and technology, including the five accepted sequential stages of micropropagation.
In vitro micropropagation has proved in the recent as a means for supplying of planting material for forestry 9, 10. These characteristics affect the field performance of micropropagated plants, a subject that is being studied extensively in fruit crops and forest trees, but which has received relatively little attention in the case of woody ornamental plants. Micropropagation multiplication of genetically identical copies of a cultivar by asexual reproduction is called clonal propagation. Because of its construction very little artificial heat is necessary, although it is supplied with hot water pipes for use during unusually cold weather. Micropropagation is the practice of rapidly multiplying stock plant material to produce many progeny plants, using modern plant tissue culture methods micropropagation is used to multiply plants such as those that have been genetically modified or bred through conventional plant breeding methods. Woody plants papers 6 micropropagation by shoot culture. Download molecular biology of woody plants pdf ebook molecular biology of woody plants molecular biology of woody plants ebook author by bruce alberts molecular biology of woody plants ebook free of registration rating. Thus there has been interest in techniques that produce large numbers of plants from tissue. Micropropagation of ornamental plants cut flowers article pdf available in propagation of ornamental plants 5728. First, mccown outlines a general protocol of steps to consider in implementing commercial micropropagation of specific plant types.
This file was created by scanning the printed publication. Multiplication of genetically identical copies of a cultivar by asexual reproduction is called clonal propagation. Micropropagation protocols for cloning of mature trees of balanites aegyptiaca, the hingota balanitaceae. This volume covers recent advances in the vegetative propagation of woody plants by tissue culture.
Molecular biology of woody plants pdf free download. In order to harvest responsive nodal explants the mother trees were pruned during the winter. An efficient micropropagation system for strawberry cv. These are the key factors in initiating the process of regeneration in. The success of micropropagation technique depends upon the use of growth regulators in the culture medium. Micropropagation of larix species and hybrids 373 1. For showy native woody plants, consult growing and propagating showy native woody plants by richard e. Sterilized runner tips were cultured on hormonefree murashige and skoog ms medium with 3% sucrose, 1 mll. The present book is based on the first volume of the 2nd edition of plant propagation by tissue culture. It is done under sterile conditions in a laboratory using plant seed or tissue. Both sucrose and n62isopentenyl adenine 2ip were supplemented as the genotype requirement. Shoot culture 9most widely used method for commercial micropropagation 9relatively high genetic stability in the plants produced shoot culture advantages 9reliable rates and consistency of shoot multiplication 93 8 fold multiplication rate per month 9preexisting meristems are least susceptible to genetic changes micropropagation stages stage 0. This technique was later extended to other horticulturally important plants.
Berkeley and wound each explant on the midri b using a scalpel held vertically. Embryo woody plant biotechnology forest forest trees morphogenesis nitrogen woody plants woody species. A practical guide to woody plant micropropagation john w einset the spinoff from basic research on the physiology of plants, plant micropropagation is a simple, straightforwardand commercially profitabletechnique although its commercial use as a method for multiplying plants is still fairly new, tissueculture propagation micropropagation has. Article full text enhanced pdf format, 622377 bytes. Morphogenesis as a powerful tool in woody plant and fruit crop micropropagation and biotechnology, floral genetics and genetic transformation. Pdf photoautotrophic micropropagation of woody species. Culturing the explants on a mccown woody plant medium supplemented with bap at 2 mgl and naa at 0. An efficient micropropagation protocol for an endangered. The use of plant tissue culture techniques has revolutionized the plant propagation and now plants are commercially micropropagated. Effects of light quality on micropropagation of woody species propagation and dna markers characterization of populus tremula l. Pdf micropropagation of ornamental plantscut flowers.
This is particularly valuable in the case of difficultto. It is very important that you obtain complete printed copies or pdf files of each original. Download chemical control of woody plants pdf ebook chemical control of woody plants chemical control of woody plants e biology molecular biology molecular biology faculty admission to graduate study greg l. Explain and apply the laboratory and greenhouse concepts related to the successful commercial micropropagation of horticultural crops. Pdf micropropagation protocols for cloning of mature trees of balanites aegyptiaca, the hingota balanitaceae. Most species micropropagated were ornamental plants 157 million. Chrysanthemum, and improved rooting of stem cuttings e. Virusfree plants exhibit increased growth and vigour of plants, higher yield e. Tissue culture serves as an alternative to vegetative propagation by conventional methods, such as by rooting of cuttings.
Micropropagation of woody plants using bioreactor springerlink. A wide range of topics relevant to micropropagation of woody plants are discussed by renowned international scientists. Woody plants using a bud and a small piece of bark. Micropropagation of several japanese woody plants for horticultural. Developing a photoautotrophic micropropagation system for woody plants. However, culturing woody species in general king, 1974 and monocotyledonous plants in particular has seldom been successful staritsky, 1970. Pelargonium virusfree plants are more susceptible to the same virus when exposed again. Micropropagation is an advanced vegetative propagation technology for producing a large number of genetically superior and pathogenfree transplants in a limited time and space. Pdf micropropagation of avocado persea americana mill. In vitro plant culture offers advantages over conventional methods for multiplication and largescale production of woody plants 11. Micropropagation powerpoint slide set with photos note. Pdf molecular dna marker analysis to assess the genetic fidelity of micropropagated woody plants.
The work sheet describes rooting explants from tissue culture. These include cellular contro of morphogenesis, light regimes in tissue culture, maturation and rejuvenation, synthetic seed, genetics of micropropagated plants, haploid embryogenesis, protoplast culture, and acclimatization. Unit ii biotechnology and plants plant tissue culture 7. In nature, clonal propagation occurs by apomixis seed development without meiosis and fertilization andor vegetative propagation regeneration of new plants. Citrus limon, the nimbu rutaceae and syzygium cuminii, the jamun. Vegetative propagation by rooting of stem cuttings has been practiced for centuries. In vitro tissue culture initiation from potted and garden. With orchids it is the only way to reproduce the plants as.
Thirty years ago, in vitro propagation was a new technique for producing plants, and lydiane kytes plants from test tubes became the standard work on the topic. Micropropagation, genetic engineering, and molecular biology of. Micropropagation of gerbera gerbera jamesonii bolus. Citrus limon, the nimbu rutaceae and syzygium cuminii, the jamun myrtaceae have been developed. Beneficial influences of arbuscular mycorrhizal am fungi on the micropropagation of woody and fruit trees j. For best results mother plants are grown under cover, watered from the base and kept free of pests and diseases. In the list below, the number is the database file number of the botanical garden of the university of helsinki. Murashige and skoog ms19 medium, woodyplant medium. Effects of ascorbic acid in controlling lethal browning in. Developing a photoautotrophic micropropagation system for. Embryo woody plant biotechnology forest forest trees morphogenesis. Protocols for micropropagation of woody trees and fruits. Micropropagation selected somaclones begonia saintpaulia j. Rather than getting 0 plants per year from an initial cutting, one can obtain upwards of 1,000,000 plants per year from one initial explant.
Micropropagation enables growers to increase the production of plants that normally propagate very slowly such as narcissus and other. Many ornamental plants and woody species are propagated commercially by shoot tip and axillary bud proliferation. Effects of light quality on micropropagation of woody species. It is kept between 32 and 40, so far as that is possible, and to achieve this end it is built down into the ground. The second part to this method is getting the shoots to root. Axillary bud proliferation typically results in an average tenfold increase in shoot number per monthly culture passage. Progress in the micropropagation of woody plants is likely to mirror to some extent, predictions made for herbaceous species. So far a good number of e ndangered and threatened species have been successfully. Nodea part of the plant stem from which a leaf, shoot or flower originates. Recent studies2 4 revealed that most chlorophyllous plants in vitro have the ability to grow photoautotrophically, and that the low co 2 concentration in the airtight. Moreover, micropropagation may be utilized, in basic research, in production of virusfree planting. Avocado is a high demand, high value tropical fruit recognised for its nutri tional value. Micropropagation, clonal reliability and conservation are important aspects which should be considered. An approach for micropropagation of blueberry vaccinium.
The state of the art a practical guide to woody plant micropropagation john w einset the spinoff from basic research on the physiology of plants, plant micropropagation is a simple, straightforwardand commercially profitable technique although its commercial use as a method for multiplying plants is still fairly new, tissue culture propagation micropropagation has. The beginning of this technique based on certain important discoveries dates back to about five to six decades. His simple, lowtech approach has been working for him and others on a wide variety of woody plantsoutdoors, without a greenhouse. Plant cells for micropropagation may be newly transformed as a result of genetic engineering, or they might be cells taken from plant tissue. Concerning the role of exogenous auxin on rooting, there are many reports which indicate its necessity for apple root induction zimmerman and fordham, 1985, almond caboni, et al. Ornamental plants are produced primarily for their artistic value, thus the propagation and improvement of quality attributes and the creation of novel variation are important economic goals for floriculturists. Developing a photoautotrophic micropropagation system for woody plants article pdf available in journal of plant research 1144. Micropropagation of woody trees and fruits springerlink. Commerciallyfeasible micropropagation of mountain laurel, kalmia latifolia, by use of shoottip culture.
Article pdf available in american journal of plant sciences 0811. Ms, modified ms macro and micro elements or mccowns woody plant basal salt mixture, were used as culture media. However the techniques available for woody species are at a much earlier stage of development yeoman, 1986. Micropropagation of orchids micropropagation is the process used to replicate plants such as orchids, the word micropropagation means simply propagation in miniature. Under the common name of ipeking willow i, salix matsudana is native to northeastern china, and widely cultivated in several provinces in china wu et al. Other propagation methods azalea society of america. Culture medium was solidified with 8 grl agar and the ph was adjusted to 5. Chapter2 micropropagation and large scale culture of c. Mike creel, who gardens in lexington, south carolina, has been developing and refining a natural approach to propagation for a number of years. Bigot reported that the addition of g l 1 activated charcoal in the culture medium showed vigorous rooting from excised shoots of begoniax hiemalis. Vegetative propagation an overview sciencedirect topics. A wide range of topics relevant to micropropagation of woody plants are discussed by renowned.